11ad to the 8 Ah /14ad century, these cities expanded  on a distance of  10 km along  the valley despite the harshness of the nature and the lack of potential .

 The city of ghardaia or taghrdait as called by its inhabitant , the city of the seven castles ,was  established in the 5ah /10Ad century by the rustomid people  left.

The architecture of the m’zab is simple,practical and adapted to the environment around it to live in groups, with the respect of  family ties. 

The historical and cultural heritage of the city is scientifically and historically important from the aesthetic side, as well as  the artistic richness  relying on collecting the antiquities  inherited from the ancestors passing  through different civilizations until the current period. 

the inheritance is a great historical ,civilizational and artistic  

treasure. The city represents a unique global  architecture model ,  thanks to its pyramid shaped ancient city ,the minaret of its mosque with 114 steps and the old marquet’s yard  right in the middle of the castle it got included in the world heritage of unesco in 1982. 

It is a city where the castles face you wherever you go, it is the trace of  the civilization of beni m'zab and their extremely clear  architectural art in its streets. The city is considered as the gate of the sahara and an important trade center as the crossroad of the big sahara .